
This evening I watched The Fog of War again. It's a documentary on the life of former Ford Motor President, Head of the World Bank, and most famously Secretary of Defence during most of the 1960s, Robert McNamara. I say documentary but really it's pretty much "just" an interview by Errol Morris with McNamara where he talks about his life, and the lessons he has learned from it.
Now McNamara is a devisive figure. He can be held responsible for a lot of the bloodshed of the Vietnam war, and the firebombing of Tokyo (for which he considers himself a war criminal). He is also responsible though, for putting seat belts and other safety devices in Ford cars several years before Ralph Nader produced Unsafe at Any Speed and at least partly responsible for defusing the Cuban Missile Crisis. Part of the attraction of this movie is seeing one of the most brilliant and supposedly arrogant men of his generation explaining his failures. Having said that though there is a brilliant piece of film from an interview in the early sixties where he is asked if he ever makes a mistake.
"What about the contention that your attitude is arrogant, that you'll never admit to being wrong? Have you ever been wrong sir?"
"Oh yes indeed. I'm not going to tell you when, If you don't know when then I'm not going to tell you, but I've been wrong on countless occasions"
Sounds a little less arrogant than a certain man of the people we know and love.
What you see here is a man coming towards the end of his life, (He is now 89 years old) coming to terms with his successes and failures honestly and trying to pass on the lessons he has learned to those who come after. At one pont he quotes a Kipling poem, The Palace, which tells of a man who builds on the failures of others but who then neglects to learn from those failures. This is McNamara's fear. As he says
"They'll be no learning period with nuclear weapons. You make one mistake and you're going to destroy nations."
The lessons that come from the documentary are Morris's extrapolations of what McNamara was saying and I think they can be used, and should be used, by anyone in a position of leadership.
- Empathize with your enemy.
- Rationality will not save us.
- There's something beyond one's self.
- Maximize efficiency.
- Proportionality should be a guideline in war.
- Get the data.
- Belief and seeing are both often wrong.
- Be prepared to reexamine your reasoning.
- In order to do good, you may have to engage in evil.
- Never say never.
- You can't change human nature.
McNamara's own lessons can also be found
here.